I'm 16, so teen [...] books are very welcome.
The Adolescent of Dostoyevsky. I'm half joking, half serious, but it may be better to start with The Gambler.
The Catcher in the Rye by Salinger is a good read too.
Gulliver's Travel of Jonathan Swift.
Desert of the Tartars, and the K by Dino Buzzati.
Hunter S. Thompson is hilarious, if you like his style and humor. Among American, Bukowski is good too.
For medieval stuff, I'd recommend the Roman de Renart, or Reynard. It's several fable about a mischievous fox in the animal realm. Chrétien de Troyes's quest for the Grail is good to.
If you're interested in French stuff :
I'd recommend Alphonse Daudet. Especially "Le petit chose", the Adventure of Tartarin de Tarascon, and in general his short story.
Everything written by Maupassant.
Louis-Ferdinand Céline's Death on Credit.
Jules Vallès triology, L'enfant, Le Bachelier, and L'insurgé.
Cyrano de Bergerac by Edmond Rostand is great, but you might want to learn French since it's a play written in verse.
As for crazy Russians.
For Gogol, you can start with the Nevsky Prospekt.
The Queen of Spades by Pushkin.
The Master and Margarita by Bulgakov.
Tolstoi's
Kreutzer Sonata.
The Steppe by Anton Chekov.